What is meant by the term "solvate"?

The term "solvate" refers specifically to a solute particle that is surrounded by solvent molecules. This process occurs when a solute dissolves in a solvent, forming a solution. In this context, the molecules of the solvent interact with the solute particles, effectively "solvating" them. This interaction typically involves various types of bonds, such as hydrogen bonds or dipole interactions, depending on the nature of the solute and solvent.

For example, when table salt (sodium chloride) dissolves in water, the positive sodium ions become surrounded by water molecules, which have partial negative charges, while the negative chloride ions are surrounded by water molecules that have partial positive charges. This creates a solvate complex where the ions are stabilized in the solution.

Understanding this definition is crucial in the study of solutions and solubility in chemistry, as it helps explain how different substances interact at the molecular level when mixed.