What is the outcome of saponification?

Saponification is a chemical reaction that typically occurs between a fat or oil (which are commonly triglycerides) and a strong alkali, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The process involves the hydrolysis of the ester bonds in triglycerides, resulting in the formation of glycerol and fatty acid salts. These fatty acid salts are what we commonly refer to as soap.

In this reaction, the triglyceride molecules are broken down, and the products are soap (the salt of fatty acids) and glycerol. This is the reason why the outcome of saponification is correctly identified as the production of soap and glycerol. The other options describe different types of organic reactions that do not relate to the saponification process. For instance, the formation of alcohols from aldehydes relates to reduction reactions, and the conversion of esters into acids pertains to hydrolysis or other types of chemical reactions that do not yield soap and glycerol as products.