What type of isomerism occurs when compounds have the same molecular formula but different connectivity of their atoms?

When compounds exhibit the same molecular formula but differ in the connectivity of their atoms, they are classified as structural isomers. This type of isomerism highlights the variations in how atoms are arranged and bonded to one another, which can lead to different chemical and physical properties. Structural isomerism encompasses several subtypes, including chain isomerism and position isomerism, each of which reflects distinct structural variations among the molecules involved.

For instance, in chain isomerism, the carbon skeletons can branch differently, while position isomerism involves different placements of functional groups on the same carbon chain. This fundamental difference in connectivity leads to unique substances even though the molecular formula appears identical.

Other types of isomerism, such as geometric isomerism, optical isomerism, and functional group isomerism, involve different aspects of molecular arrangement or structure but do not primarily focus on alterations in connectivity. Geometric isomerism typically relates to the spatial arrangement of groups around a double bond, optical isomerism concerns chirality and the non-superimposable mirror images of molecules, and functional group isomerism involves compounds that share the same formula but differ in their functional groups. Hence, the correct identification of structural isomerism rests on